Antibacterial activity of manuka honey and its components. As unifloral honeys differ in respect of their sensory properties, it. This constitutes very useful information to avoid frauds and to guarantee the authenticity of this food product. The chemical composition of honey semantic scholar.
Physicochemical properties of honey produced in sekota. From a chemical point of view, it could be defined as a natural food mainly composed of sugars and water together with minor constituent such as minerals, vitamins, amino acids, organic acids, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds and aromatic substances. Composition and properties of apis mellifera honey. Honey is mainly composed of carbohydrates and water, parameters that influence its shelf life and some of its properties, including color, flavor, density, viscosity, hygroscopicity, and crystallization. Bees add enzymes that create additional chemical compounds and a special honey nutrition value, and then converting the sucrose into fructose and glucose, and then evaporate the water so that the resulting product will resist spoiling. In this article, we will briefly explore the chemical composition of honey. Through the use of enzymes, bees are able to convert the complex sugar in nectar into more simple sugars. Honey containing active compounds like volatile aromatic compounds contributes to the aroma profile of honey whereas the composition and quality of honey depends appreciably with their botanical and geographical derivation. Physicochemical characteristics of honey from different. The composition and properties of honey vary with the floral and honeydew sources utilized by honeybees, as well as regional and cli. Definition of honey and honey products approved by the national honey board june 15, 1996 updated september 27, 2003. The variety of honey produced by honey bees the genus apis is the.
The richest samples contained the characteristic propolis flavonoids, while those containing fewer flavonoids were devoid of these substances. Honey has been used since ancient times as part of traditional medicine. Sugar gives the main characteristics of honey sweetness, water folows the liquid, and components that are found in small quantities determine the differences between various types of. Flavonoid composition of tunisian honeys and propolis. Honey has the capacity to serve as a natural food preservative. Nov 27, 2018 manuka honey is usually rated using a classification system known as the unique manuka factor umf, which reflects the equivalent concentration of phenol %, wv required to produce the same antibacterial activity as honey. Honev is defined as the concentrated solution of sugars prepared by bees from the nectar of plants. In addition, honey has some properties, because of its composition, that make it difficult to handle and use. With modern technology, however, methods have been established to cope with many of these problems.
A study to assess the chemical composition and antibacterial properties of honey. Average composition of cotton honey from different areas. Other uses honey is widely used as a source of sugars for making honey wines and beers, and in the manufacture. Honey features vary depending on the botanical source and geographical origin, as well as climatic, processing and storage conditions. Through processes such as the specific enzymes present in honey, high temperature and long storage time, honey may change and degrade into new products such as furans, amino acids, alcohols and new phenolic compounds and new volatile. Honey sometimes takes on a semisolid state known as crystallized or granulated honey. Nectar itself is composed mainly of sucrose and water. Honey features vary depending on the botanical source and geographical. Jun 23, 2017 honey is a natural sweetener with a complex composition.
Honey is something of an oddity, in that, unlike most foods, it doesnt spoil over time. Properties and compositions of bee honey depend on its geographical floral origin, season, environmental factors and treatment of. Honey is a sweet, viscous food substance made by honey bees and some related insects. Honey does have medicinal properties that are acknowledged increasingly by modern medicine. The milk samples were analyzed for proximate composition and physiochemical properties using soymilk as a control. This very concentrated solution of several sugars results in the characteristic physical properties of honey high viscosity, stickiness, high density, granulation tendencies, tendency to absorb moisture from the air, and immunity. A one of the laboratories of the eastern utilization research branch, agricultural research service, u. Apart from sugars, honey also contains several vitamins especially b complex and vitamin c, together with a lot of minerals such as calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium and.
Properties and compositions of bee honey depend on its geographical floral origin, season, environmental factors and treatment of beekeepers da costa leite et al. From ancient times, honey was increasingly used as a remedy for wound healing. Carbohydrates unsurprisingly, these comprise the major portion of honey about 82%. Jul 21, 2014 firstly, the chemical composition of manuka honey is described, with special attention given to its polyphenolic composition and other bioactive compounds, such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Sugar gives the main characteristics of honey sweetness, water folows the liquid, and components that are found in small quantities determine the differences between various types of honey. Average composition of alfalfa honey from different areas.
In many countries, honey is regarded more as a medicine or special tonic, rather than as an everyday food. Traditionally honey is good high viscosity and moisture absorbance from air and. Despite the large number of honeybee colonies and diversified honey floral resources, production of honey is far below its potential in the country. Bees store honey in wax structures called honeycombs. Antimicrobial properties honey has the capacity to serve as a natural food preservative. Pdf on jan 1, 2016, stefan bogdanov and others published honey.
There was significant difference p honey showed the same trend 0. Honey crystallizes because it is a supersaturated solution. The umf value refers to the methylglyoxal mgo content of the honey and it is suggested that this is responsible for much of the honeys antibacterial properties. In fact, the oldest known sample of honey, found in an ancient egyptian tomb and dated to approximately 3000 years ago, was still perfectly edible supposedly. Proximate composition and physicochemical properties of. Within monofloral honey, manuka honey, a dark honey, has greatly attracted the attention of the international scientific community for its biological properties, especially for. The overall composition of honey is shown in table 1. Bee honey is one of the few virtually totally nonallergic foods that body easily assimilates. Because of honeys complex and unusual composition, it has several interesting attributes.
Chemical composition and biological properties of aromatic. Honey, propolis, and royal jelly, products originating in the beehive, are attractive ingredients for healthy foods. Due to its high economic value, honey is considered to be well characterized chemically, and it is often discovered to be an adulterated commodity. Firstly, the chemical composition of manuka honey is. The carbohydrates are the main constituents, comprising about 95% of the honey dry weight. Phytochemical analysis and chemical composition of different. Several aspects of this use indicate that it also has functions such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, anti. However, this study shows that our knowledge of honey protein composition, which is of high medical and pharmaceutical importance, is incomplete. Pdf honey is a natural sweetener with a complex composition. Whereas honey is viscous and has a low water content, nectar is about 80% water.
This natural phenomenon happens when glucose, one of three main sugars in honey, spontaneously precipitates out of the supersaturated honey solution. Honey is a unique natural product produced by european honeybees. There are some minerals and vitamins and antioxidant properties in honey the darker the honey, the higher the level of antioxidants but with yogurt, you can. Honey which has been dehydrated and in which edible drying aids and processing adjuncts may be included to facilitate processing and improve product stability. Properties and composition of honey are essential in providing information regarding their quality as well as in their differentiation based on production region characteristics, e. Honey is the sweet result of the bees magically transforming the nectar they gather from flowers. It is evident that differential properties were found in honey from different origin varying aromatic compound composition. Bee honey is the most wellknown and economically important honey bee apis mellifera colony product. The knowledge of the particularities of honey is increasingly demanded by beekeepers and consumers, and also by labs to typify honeys. Pdf click to increase image size click to decrease. For example, dobrudzhas sunflower honey might differ in. Analysis of biochemical composition of honey samples from north. Bees produce honey from the sugary secretions of plants floral nectar or from secretions of other insects such as honeydew, by regurgitation, enzymatic activity, and water evaporation.
Pdf composition and properties of apis mellifera honey. Additionally, about 25 different oligosaccharides have been detected in the composition of honey. Honey is composed of different chemical compounds, including sugars, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, organic acids, phenolic compounds and volatile compounds. Research has demonstrated the potential for honey to reduce enzymatic browning in fruits and vegetables and prevent lipid oxidation in meats. Honey is a sweet liquid made by bees using the nectar from flowers. The carbohydrates present are the monosaccharides fructose 38. The unique protein composition of honey revealed by. Composition of honey by far, the largest portion of the dry matter in honey consists of the sugars.
Antioxidant properties of honey and its role in preventing. Average composition of orange honey from two areas 21 8. The healing properties of honey were demonstrated in a study comparing honey treatment to that of silver sulfadiazine, the. Its a very thin solution colorless and not nearly as sweet as honey. The composition of manuka honey consists of carbohydrates, minerals, proteins, fatty acids, phenolic and flavonoid. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the soil substrate on the characteristics and properties of a specific type of honey. Correlation study of honey regarding their physicochemical.
Chemical composition, stability and authenticity mdpi. Excess water, for example from poor storage, can trigger the. Beyond carbohydrates, honey contains numerous compounds such as organic acids, proteins, amino acids, minerals, polyphenols, vitamins and. It is graded by color, with the clear, golden amber honey often fetching a higher retail price than the darker varieties. One tablespoon of white, granulated sugar contains 49. Average composition of honey samples classified by granu lating tendency 22 9. However, honey is more than just a supersaturated sugar solution.
Pdf analysis of biochemical composition of honey and its. Porto 1, tomas martin arroyo1 and carmen bartolome esteban2 abstract background and aims. How soil type gypsum or limestone influences the properties. The principal physical characteristics and behavior of honey are due to its sugars, but the minor constituents such as flavoring materials, pigments, acids, and. Within monofloral honey, manuka honey, a dark honey, has greatly attracted the attention of the international scientific community for its biological properties, especially for its antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities. Honey is about 80 percent fructose and glucose, and between 17 to 18 percent water. Honey bee sugars are the main components of its dry matter. Firstly, the chemical composition of manuka honey is described, with special attention given to its polyphenolic composition and other bioactive compounds, such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Typical composition as a natural product, the composition of honey is highly variable. Honey is natural complex food product produced by bees from nectar of plants and from honeydew. Analysis of biochemical composition of honey samples from. Functional properties of honey, propolis, and royal jelly. Maintaining a balance between sugar to water is critical to the quality of honey. Honey is one of the most popular natural sweet substances.
Honey is a supersaturated sugar solution, created by bees, and used by human beings as a sweetener. Natural honey has a complex and heterogeneous composition, the components of which are directly dependent on the type of vegetation, the soil, the weather conditions, the breed of bees and their strength, the conditions under which the nectar is collected, some additional actions on the part of the beekeeper and many others. Experienced beekeepers can identify the floral source of honeys from these characteristics. This paper presents physicochemical properties and floral sources botanical origin of 21 honey samples obtained from arid and semiarid areas of kenya, specifically, west pokot, baringo, and. The composition of honey and bee pollen was not measured, but other studies have reported that honey is mostly 70% fructose and glucose, and lesser amounts of sucrose, other carbohydrates, and. Composition honey is composed primarily of the sugars glucose and fructose.
Antioxidant properties of honey the open nutraceuticals journal, 2010, volume 3 7 honey are levulose and dextrose which constitutes 38. As a result, the nutritional values and profiles vary accordingly and can thus influence the value of a specific honey for health promoting purposes bansal et al. Eastern regional research laboratory, philadelphia 18, pennsylvania, u. Phytochemical analysis and chemical composition of. Furthermore, differences in climatic conditions and vegetations are important factors that can affect the various properties of honey. Honey is mainly composed of carbohydrates and water, parameters that influence its shelf life and some of its properties, including color, flavor, density. Then, the effect of manuka honey in wound treatment is described, as well as its antioxidant activity and other important biological effects. Jerlin priya lovelin auguskani jazan university, jazan, kingdom of saudi arabia abstract the present study was to assess the chemical composition and antibacterial properties of honey. It is a unique sweetening agent that can be used by humans without processing, ahmed et al. The properties and composition of honey are dependent on. Honey is a natural sweetener with a complex composition. Flavonoids and other phenolics of tunisian honey samples and propolis were analyzed to find correlations between botanical and geographical origin and chemical composition.
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